This study on gender, masculinity and Sexual and Reproductive Health in South Asia sets out to examine ‘gender’ in its proper sense as a relationship between men and women, and the impact of cultures of masculinity upon sexual health of both men and women. The study suggests that cultures of masculinity impact upon the health of both men and women and that SRH programmes must explicitly address this aspect. Cultures of masculinity also have a direct relationship to sexuality and there are different ways in which this impacts upon the sexual rights of women-an aspect that the study also explores.